The Temple of Aphrodite in Old Paphos (now Kouklia) stands as a remarkable testament to Cyprus’s ancient history and religious heritage. Located along the Mediterranean coast, this UNESCO World Heritage Site is a must-visit for history enthusiasts. Its ruins, steeped in mythology and devotion, offer a unique glimpse into the island’s past.

The Temple of Aphrodite in Old Paphos (now Kouklia) stands as a remarkable testament to Cyprus’s ancient history and religious heritage. Located along the Mediterranean coast, this UNESCO World Heritage Site is a must-visit for history enthusiasts. Its ruins, steeped in mythology and devotion, offer a unique glimpse into the island’s past.

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Quick Facts About the Temple of Aphrodite

• Season: Open year-round, except for public holidays.
• Hours:
  • All Days Except Wednesday: 8:00 AM – 5:00 PM
• Admission: €3.40 (includes entry to the Palaipafos Archaeological Site in Kouklia).
• Location: Kouklia Village, 14 km southeast of Paphos.
• Archaeological Timeline:
  • Temple: 12th century B.C.
  • Site: 3800 B.C.
• Significance: The first site in Cyprus to be recognized by UNESCO for its historical and cultural importance.

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A Center of Ancient Worship

A Religious Pilgrimage

The Temple of Aphrodite was a prominent pilgrimage site for those worshipping the goddess of fertility. Coins from as early as the Chalcolithic era (3800 B.C.) have been discovered near the temple, although the shrine itself wasn’t completed until 1500 B.C. Situated 2 kilometers inland on a hill, the sanctuary remained a sacred space until the 3rd or 4th century.

Origins of Worship

The worship of Aphrodite on Cyprus began with the Achaean civilization, which initially venerated the goddess Astort. After the Hellenic period, this deity was renamed Aphrodite. Homer referred to her as "Cyprian" and "Paphian," solidifying her connection to the island.

The temple’s foundation is attributed to King Kinyras, who sought to honor Aphrodite near her mythical birthplace from the sea. Over time, worship evolved, blending local traditions with those brought by Greeks and Romans. Practices included rituals and festivals, with the modern Anthistiria Spring Flower Festival continuing to celebrate this legacy.

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The Temple Through the Ages

Survival and Destruction

The Temple of Aphrodite endured natural disasters, conquests, and changing religious practices:

• Roman Emperor Titus visited the site in 69 A.D. to consult the goddess’s oracle.
• After an earthquake in 76–77 A.D., Roman worshippers rebuilt parts of the sanctuary.
• In the 4th century, Emperor Theodosius banned pagan temples, leading to its decline.
• During the Byzantine era and Middle Ages, the site was repurposed as a quarry and later as a sugar mill, erasing much of the original structure.

Rediscovery and Excavation

The site was rediscovered in 1887 by the Cyprus Exploration Fund and later explored by British, Swiss, and German archaeologists in the 20th century. Excavations have revealed artifacts dating back to the Neolithic period, illustrating a long history of devotion to Aphrodite.

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Kouklia Museum: Preserving the Legacy

The nearby Kouklia Archaeological Museum, housed in an Ottoman-era manor, preserves many relics from the temple, including:

• Roman Coin (200 A.D.): Depicting the temple’s original structure, consistent with Homer’s descriptions.
• Mosaics and Terracotta Baths: Illustrating the Greek and Roman influence on the site.
• Leda Mosaic: A stunning depiction of Leda and Zeus, showcasing Greek mythological art.

Additional artifacts, such as the cone-shaped stones used in worship, can be found at the Cyprus Archaeological Museum in Nicosia, two hours north of Kouklia.

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Visiting the Temple Today

A visit to the Temple of Aphrodite offers a unique blend of history, mythology, and archaeological intrigue. Explore the ancient ruins, admire the preserved mosaics, and delve into the fascinating artifacts housed in the Kouklia Museum. Whether you’re captivated by mythology or intrigued by Cyprus’s rich past, this site is an essential stop on your journey.

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Conclusion

The Temple of Aphrodite in Kouklia is more than just a historical site; it’s a window into the spiritual and cultural legacy of ancient Cyprus. From its mythical origins to its rediscovery, the temple continues to inspire and fascinate visitors. Make this extraordinary site a highlight of your visit to Cyprus.